entry of bacteriophages and animal viruses into host cells. It is well suited for the aircraft maintenance instructor who uses it in the shop to teach welding, and the flight instructor who uses it in teaching piloting skills, Every instructor should recognize the importance of student performance in the learning process. In addition, they also provide realistic details necessary for visual recognition of important subject material. To be effective, an instructor utilizes people skills, subject matter expertise, management skills, and assessment skills, This chapter explores the teaching process in general terms of how to prepare, present, apply, and assess lesson material. Another friend is planning to meet them at the airport and drive everyone to the game and back, Mark has strong motivation to fly his friends to the game so he keys up College Airport AWOS which reports clear and unrestricted visibility. As instructional aids, models are usually more practical than originals because they are lightweight and easy to manipulate, A mock-up is a three-dimensional or specialized type of working model made from real or synthetic materials. Efforts in this area pay great dividends in terms of quality of instruction. For the independent instructor setting, the instructor may need to select and prepare instructional aids. From this measurement of student achievement, the instructor determines the effectiveness of the instruction, A time-honored training delivery method, drill and practice is based on the learning principle of exercise discussed in chapter 2, which holds that connections are strengthened with practice. The instructor can tailor the presentation for the class and also include graphics at appropriate points. If students wish to learn about a particular area, they do so by clicking the mouse on a particular portion of the screen. February 15, 2022 a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. Copyright 2023 CFI Notebook, All rights reserved. The airlines, as well as aeronautical programs at some colleges and universities, have used similar facilities for many years, Another type of computer-based technology, virtual reality (VR), creates a sensory experience that allows a participant to believe and barely distinguish a virtual experience from a real one. There are several points at which assessments can be made: before training, during training, and after training. If possible, the instructor should have another knowledgeable person, preferably another instructor, observe the practice sessions and act as a critic. 1 shows the conceptual model of an instructor's work during an SBT session, following the design of our simulator concept. If necessary, make assignments that give the students an adequate background for discussing the lesson topic. Go back to and try again", Interactive CDs and DVDs solve one of the main problems of passive video in that it increases involvement of the student in the learning process. Since charts may consist of a series of single sheets or be tied together in a flip-chart format with several pages, the location and handling of them should be planned in advance, A graph is a symbolic drawing which shows relationships or makes comparisons. When using CAL, the instructor should remain actively involved with the students by using close supervision, questions, examinations, quizzes, or guided discussions on the subject matter to constantly assess student progress, Simulation (the appearance of real life), role-playing (playing a specific role in the context of a real world situation), and video gaming have taken e-learning in new directions. Rehearsals, or dry runs, help smooth out the mechanics of using notes, visual aids, and other instructional devices. Certification tests do not represent an entire training syllabus, A broad, overall objective of any pilot training course is to qualify the student to be a competent, efficient, safe pilot for the operation of specific aircraft types under stated conditions. Normally, aviation training aspires to a level of learning at the application level or higher, Standards are closely tied to objectives since they include a description of the desired knowledge, behavior, or skill stated in specific terms, along with conditions and criteria. Then, allow students time to practice each step, so they can increase their ability to perform the skill. The instructor should avoid the temptation to use the aids as a crutch. If necessary, a public address system can be used to amplify the speakers voice. Use flight deck technology in a safe and appropriate way, Be confident in a wide variety of flight situations, and, The teaching process organizes the material an instructor wishes to teach in such a way that the learner understands what is being taught. If a desired capability is to navigate from point A to point B, the objective as stated is not specific enough for all students to do it in the same way. Instructional CDs and DVDs, in comparison, are perceived as much less exciting and less stimulating visually. In certain instances, the instructor has no opportunity to assign preliminary work and must face the students for the first time. Keep in mind that it takes time to recall data, determine how to answer, or to think of an example, The more difficult the question, the more time the students need to answer. The projection angle should be adjusted to eliminate image distortion. In addition to the necessary steps, the instructor should describe the end result of these efforts. This, coupled with culturally diverse backgrounds of todays students, makes it necessary for instructors to be precise in their choice of terminology. The lecture method is adaptable to many different settings, including small or large groups. Only after reasonable competence has been demonstrated should the student be allowed to practice certain maneuvers on solo flights. With this arrangement, each point leads logically to and serves as a reminder of the next. One cautionthe instructional aid should keep student attention on the subject; it should not be a distracting gimmick, Clearly, a major goal of all instruction is for the student to be able to retain as much knowledge of the subject as possible, especially the key points. As is the case with the technician, there are times when a less used tool is the exact tool needed for a particular situation. Regardless of which is used, it should relate to the subject and establish a background for developing the learning outcomes. This review and wrap-up of ideas reinforces student learning and improves the retention of what has been learned. This complex process is enhanced by the use of appropriate instructional aids that highlight and emphasize the main points or concepts, The working or short-term memory functions are limited by both time and capacity. For example, inserting conditions narrows the objective as follows: "Using sectional charts, a flight computer, and Cessna 172, navigate from point A to point B while maintaining standard hemispheric altitudes." The height of usable objects is limited to the space between the top of the lowered projection plate and the body of the projector, usually about two or three inches. They also tend to watch movies or TV in a passive way without attempting to absorb what they are seeing and hearing. Although lecture and demonstration-performance may be the methods used most often, being aware of other methods and teaching tools such as guided discussion, cooperative learning, and computerassisted learning better prepares an instructor for a wide variety of teaching situations, Obviously, the aviation instructor is the key to effective teaching. By symbolizing the factors involved, it is even possible to visualize abstract relationships, Instructors are frequently asked to teach more and more in a smaller time frame. [Figure 4-18] The brilliant light source concentrated at a short distance makes it possible to use the projector in lighted areas. The effective instructor is able to interpret the meaning of these reactions and adjust the lesson accordingly. The selection of a graph for use in any given situation depends upon the type of information the instructor wants to convey, Charts, diagrams, and graphs can be used effectively to show relationships, chronological changes, distributions, components, and flow. While test preparation materials may be effective in preparing students for FAA tests, the danger is that students may learn to pass a given test, but fail to learn other critical information essential to safe piloting and maintenance practices. By using dynamic and meaningful scenarios, the instructor teaches the student how to gather information and make informed, safe, and timely decisions, Decision-based training is not a new concept. Learning assessment is another important skill of an effective instructor. Well- designed course outlines are especially useful to students because they list the key points and help students organize note taking during a lecture, Aviation instructors must cover a broad range of aeronautical knowledge and skill training for pilots and AMTs. For example, the student controls the pace of instruction, reviews previous material, jumps forward, and receives instant feedback. These slide shows can be only bulleted information or incorporate animation and video clips. While a computer, screen, and projector may be needed for the classroom, a laptop computer may be all that is needed for the one-on-one presentation. robot dreams by isaac asimov answers; skycity staff intranet. In order to present the lesson on weight and balance, Bob has taken the theoretical information presented in previous chaptersconcepts and principles pertinent to human behavior, how people learn, and effective communicationinto the classroom. With the display of an operating model, the students can observe how each part works in relation to the other parts. How will this installation affect the weight and balance of the aircraft? As little extraneous activity as possible should be included in the demonstration if students are to clearly understand the instructor is accurately performing the actions previously explained. The instructors tools are teaching methods. For example, if the instructor realizes from puzzled expressions that a number of students fail to grasp an idea, that point can be further elaborated until the reactions of the students indicate they understand. The instructor should consider that the student may neither believe nor understand any point without the use of testimony from SMEs or without meaningful examples, statistics, or comparisons. On the other hand, an independent instructor may have considerable latitude, but limited resources. Once the class has mastered the ability to compute weight and balance, Bob decides to give them the following scenario with the objective of teaching them how to reconfigure weight and balance in the real world. For example, basic map reading is a perishable skill that should be practiced often. The second activity is the instructors supervision, Student performance requires students to act and do. The established criteria or standards to determine whether the training has been adequate are the passing of knowledge and practical tests required by 14 CFR for the issuance of pilot certificates. Consequently, the objective normally is stated at the understanding level of learning. B. want to escape from frustrating situations. For example, consider a video presentation given during the weight and balance lecture. There are a number of professional development opportunities for aviation instructors, such as Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) seminars, industry conventions, professional organizations, and online classes. For example, in teaching aircraft maintenance, CAL programs produced by various aircraft manufacturers can be used to expose students to equipment not normally found at a maintenance school. That may mean the instructor needs to initiate leading questions, referee if the discussions cause conflict, ensure that all students participate, and at the end summarize what has been learned, Tying the discussion method into the lecture method not only provides active student participation, it also allows students to develop higher order thinking skills (HOTS). Having decided on the objectives, an instructor can use this information to complete many of the steps on the lesson plan. VR uses graphics with animation systems, sounds, and images to reproduce electronic versions of real-life experience. This is a useful technique for displaying dial indications or fitting several parts of a component together so relative motion can be simulated, With any projection equipment, instructors should ensure the projector does not obstruct the students line of sight. Instructors will find the following suggestions helpful in planning a discussion lesson. In the teaching lecture, the instructor must develop a keen perception for subtle responses from the classfacial expressions, manner of taking notes, and apparent interest or disinterest in the lesson. Manage and monitor all flight systems and electrical in-flight . | Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | Sitemap | Patreon | Contact, Aviation Instructors Handbook (4-1) The Teaching Process, Teaching methods will depend on the teaching style of the instructor and the learning style of the student, By using a combination of teaching methods (lecture, group learning, and discussion) and instructional aids (audio/visual and handouts), Bob achieves his instructional objective, which is for the students to learn how to compute weight and balance. Developing good problems that motivate, focus, and initiate student learning are an important component of PBL. Continental Flight 1943 was the only DC-9 to land gear up at KIAH in 1996. They must also hold a current ATP or commercial certificate and earn a score of more than 70% on an FAA-administered flight instructor demonstrated knowledge test. Thus, an instructor who introduces some form of active student participation in the middle of a lecture greatly increases student retention. Enhanced training materials that include these benchmarks can help aviation instructors complete, endorse, and document required training, For example, the training syllabi represent enhanced training material and contain provisions for instructor endorsements and recordkeeping. Criterion validity means that the completion standards for the test are reflective of acceptable standards in actual flight. It promotes learning through repetition because those things most often repeated are best remembered. Drawing on previously discussed theoretical knowledge, this chapter discusses specific recommendations on how to use this information to teach aviation students, Teaching is to instruct or train someone, or the profession of someone who teaches. These programs typically allow the students to select a test, complete the questions, and find out how they did on the test. Assessment is explored in more detail in chapter 5, Instructional aids are devices that assist an instructor in the teaching-learning process. June 14, 2022; jeep renegade 4x4 usata francoforte sul meno; astrological predictions for trump 2022 . They are easy to construct and can be produced in the same manner as pictures. save a lot closing list 2020; jacques torres parents names. The objective formulated in the last few paragraphs, for instance, is a well-defined lesson objective from the task, Pilotage and Dead Reckoning, in the Private Pilot PTS, PTS hold an important position in aviation training curricula because they supply the instructor with specific performance objectives based on the standards that must be met for the issuance of a particular aviation certificate or rating. Everyone has the opportunity to comment, listen, think, and participate. When practical, they should encourage student participation. In its basic form, CAL is a combination of more than one instructional media, such as audio, text, graphics, and video (or film) usually shown on a PC, With CAL, the roles of both student and instructor change. Indications from the studies vary greatlyfrom modest results, which show a 10 to 15 percent increase in retention, to more optimistic results in which retention is increased by as much as 80 percent. If the discussion has revealed that certain areas are not understood by one or more members of the group, the instructor should clarify or cover this material again, As with any training method that involves discussion, students are encouraged to listen to and learn from their instructor and/or each other. Perhaps the most significant characteristic of group learning is that it continually requires active participation of the student in the learning process, In spite of its advantages, success with cooperative or group learning depends on conditions and controls. Regardless of the teaching or training delivery method used, the teaching process remains the same. Whether working as an individual instructor or employed by a flight or maintenance school, the instructor must ensure that each student accomplishes a number of important benchmarks. Words or terms used in an instructional aid should be carefully selected to convey the same meaning for the student as they do for the instructor. The give and take of the discussion method also helps students learn to evaluate ideas, concepts, and principles. To ensure clarity and variety, the instructor should normally use sentences of short and medium length. The informal lecture includes active student participation. Conditions and criteria should be refined as necessary. This may include important safety considerations, Select the ideas to be supported with instructional aids. Here, the instructor develops the subject matter in a manner that helps the students achieve the desired learning outcomes. The following information provides a framework for successfully conducting the guided discussion, A guided discussion lesson is introduced in the same manner as the lecture. The instructor provides the problem to the student, offering only limited assistance as the student solves it, but participating in finding solutions. A course of training also may be limited to something like the additional training required for operating high-performance airplanes, Other terms closely associated with a course of training include curriculum, syllabus, and training course outline. In teaching a skill, the instructor must convey to the students the precise actions they are to perform. Computer-aided information is particularly useful for aviation maintenance activities. Whatever the setting, instructors need to learn how to effectively use them, For many years, educators have theorized about how the human brain and the memory function during the communicative process. The instructor usually shows these primary relationships by developing the main points in one of the following ways: from past to present, simple to complex, known to unknown, and most frequently used to least used, In this pattern of development, the subject matter is arranged chronologically, from the present to the past or from the past to the present. research. Applicants must be able to read the examination questions in either English or French without assistance. All aviation instructors shoulder an enormous responsibility because their students will ultimately be flying, servicing, or repairing aircraft, but flight instructors have the additional responsibilities of evaluating student pilots and making a decision of when they are ready to solo. Immediately thereafter, the instructor should have the student attempt to perform the maneuver, coaching as necessary. Generally, the syllabus contains a description of each lesson, including objectives and completion standards. It is also a good idea at this time to let students know whether or not questions during the lecture are welcomed. This type of problem encourages the development of HOTS, which include cognitive processes such as problem solving and decision-making, as well as the cognitive skills of analysis, synthesis and evaluation. Material composed on a computer word processing and graphics program can also be printed onto transparencies, The equipment can be placed at the front of the room, allowing the instructor to maintain eye contact with students. He or she maintains currency in the subject matter being taught, as well as how to teach it by reading professional journals and other aviation publications, many of which can be viewed or purchased via the Internet, another source of valuable aviation information for professional instructors, As students advance, consider having them teach a topic to the instructor, to demonstrate their understanding and force them to dig deep into the details. Additional transparencies can be overlaid onto the original to show development or buildup of an event or display. Similarly, the instructor can prepare the prediscussion assignment more effectively while conducting research for the classroom period. Early in a lesson that is to include demonstration and performance, the instructor should identify the most important learning outcomes. [Figure 4-5] The FAA frequently reviews the test items in an attempt to maintain their validity in the current aviation environment. The instructor should not, however, use substandard English. Rather, flight maneuvers are integrated into the flight training scenarios and conducted as they would occur in the real world. This is necessary to be certain a student is on track with the training syllabus. An aviation instructor needs to remember he or she is teaching a pilot or technician who should: Develop and exercise good judgment in making decisions, Adhere to prudent operating practices and personal operating parameters, and, Adhere to applicable laws and regulations. Distance learning also may be defined as a system and process that connects students with resources for learning. The real world problem forces the student to analyze, evaluate, and make decisions about the procedures required, For the flight instructor, a good scenario tells a story that begins with a reason to fly because a pilots decisions differ depending on the motivation to fly. Successful instructors teach their students not only how, but also why and when. By using a lecture in this way, the instructor can offer students with varied backgrounds a common understanding of essential principles and facts. C. cannot accept the real reasons for their behavior. For instance, scale replicas are often very expensive. More information on enhanced training materials is presented in chapter 6, Traditional aids in this group include slides, filmstrips, and transparencies for overhead projection. [Figure 4-3] And, finally, a training course outline within a curriculum is the content of a particular course. For example, Bob lectures in the opening scenario, but after giving the students knowledge of how to compute weight and balance, he uses group learning to reinforce the lecture.
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