why was henry vii called the winter king why was henry vii called the winter king

[a] Henry's mother, Margaret Beaufort, was a descendant of the Lancastrian branch of the House of Plantagenet. However, King Henry the VIII was much more self-centered as most of his spending was inappropriate and did not benefit England much. As his mother was only 14 when he was born and soon married again, Henry was brought up by his uncle Jasper Tudor, earl of Pembroke. [19] He marched toward England accompanied by his uncle Jasper and John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford. The country was in a perpetual state of emergency and Henrys subjects were scared and resentful. We know that Henry attended the wedding celebrations of Arthur and his bride . From his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, to his secret death and the succession of his son Henry VIII, the film reveals the ruthless tactics . 3.5 Stars. The king's own death seven years later had to be kept secret until his nervous entourage had ensured the succession. They were third cousins, as both were great-great-grandchildren of John of Gaunt. A fresh look at the endlessly fascinating Tudorsthe dramatic and overlooked story of Henry VII and his founding of the Tudor Dynastyfilled with spies, plots, counterplots, and an uneasy royal succession to Henry VIII. The union was both symbolic and necessary. [72] Immediately afterwards, Henry became very sick and nearly died himself, allowing only his mother Margaret Beaufort near him: "privily departed to a solitary place, and would that no man should resort unto him. From 1527 Henry pursued what became known as "the King's great matter": his divorce from Catherine. Henry the eighth was a renaissance King. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. I've never read much on the reign of Henry VII - mostly because to really get to grips with his policies, you first have to get to grips with his exhaustively complicated financial policies - but Penn provides a wonderful accessibility through his writing, which provides valuable context to the man who founded England's most famous dynasty. He was probably baptised at St Mary's Church, Pembroke,[1] though no documentation of the event exists. Henry was thus handed over to English envoys and escorted to the Breton port of Saint-Malo. The future Henry VIII, in contrast,. Today is Shrove Tuesday time for pancakes! He became paranoid and made the decision that if his people couldnt love him then they should fear him. Watch Henry VII: The Winter King | Prime Video - amazon.com [79], Amiable and high-spirited, Henry was friendly if dignified in manner, and it was clear that he was extremely intelligent. With Elizabeth's death, the possibilities for such family indulgences greatly diminished. [citation needed], Henry also made some political capital out of his Welsh ancestry in attracting military support and safeguarding his army's passage through Wales on its way to the Battle of Bosworth. [51], Henry VII was one of the first European monarchs to recognise the importance of the newly united Spanish kingdom; he concluded the Treaty of Medina del Campo, by which his son Arthur, Prince of Wales, was married to Catherine of Aragon. "King Henry VII" redirects here. [46] In 1506 he resumed the construction of King's College Chapel, Cambridge, started under Henry VI, guaranteeing finances which would continue even after his death. When they married in 1396 they already had four children, including Henry's great-grandfather John Beaufort. The usurpation of Richard III (1483), however, split the Yorkist party and gave Henry his opportunity. The house of York then appeared so firmly established that Henry seemed likely to remain in exile for the rest of his life. He was a ruler to be feared, a ruler to be paid. His dynasty was hanging by a thread and all his hopes had to rest on his youngest son, Henry, and Elizabeth of York producing another son, a spare. They did as much to endanger his throne as to secure it. With the English economy heavily invested in wool production, Henry VII became involved in the alum trade in 1486. Henry Tudor, named after his father, Henry VII, was born by Elizabeth of York June 28, 1491 in Greenwich Palace. Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. Poor Henry VII. While there, he feigned stomach cramps and delayed his departure long enough to miss the tides. Up to a point, he succeeded. Files Welcome Pack of 5 goodies, 28 January 1457 Birth of Henry VII at Pembroke Castle, 30 October 1485 Coronation of Henry VII, Henry VIIIs Enforcer: The Rise and Fall of Thomas Cromwell A Review and Rundown, Henry VII: Winter King A Review and Rundown, 31 May 1533 The Coronation Procession of Queen Anne Boleyn, Why I think Henry VIII was ultimately responsible for Anne Boleyns downfall, 4 March 1522 Anne Boleyn plays Perseverance, The Boleyns of Hever Castle now 99p on Kindle on Amazon UK, YouTube Live 4 March 2023 The Fascinating Background of Henry VIII. In 1497 Warbeck landed in Cornwall with a few thousand troops, but was soon captured and executed. The whole system was ingeniously designed to ensure the unchallenged supremacy of the king while stamping out any challenges to his authority from the nobles, merchants, and commons. His father was the son of Owen Tudor, a Welsh squire, and Catherine of France, the widow of King Henry V. His mother was the great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, whose children by Catherine Swynford were born before he married her. 'Winter King,' a Portrait of Henry VII - The New York Times 1509. Moneywise, King Henry the VII was frugal and careful with money. Luther made a protest against the Catholic practice of Indulgences. It is a sobering reflection for professional historians that the apparently unpromising territory of Henry's reign has recently produced two memorable books, both of them written outside their ranks: this one, and Ann Wroe's biography of the pretender, Perkin (2003), a longer work on a shorter subject. He spent his entire reign fixated on eliminating or disarming his enemies, and stabilizing England after the bloody, seemingly endless War of the Roses. [44] Following Henry VII's death, Henry VIII executed Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley, his two most hated tax collectors, on trumped-up charges of treason. When Henry VIII Wrestled the King of Franceand Lost If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. A man who rewrote history and rebuilt the crown, but who was paranoid, manipulative and suspicious; a dark prince with a wintery reign. 7.1 59min 2013 16+. That is, suspicious, insecure and crafty but also determined, patient and fiercely proud of his Lancastrian ancestry. Henry was also worried by the treason of Edmund de la Pole, earl of Suffolk, the eldest surviving son of Edward IVs sister Elizabeth, who fled to the Netherlands (1499) and was supported by Maximilian. Life at court was merry under Henry 8th, a fresh new beginning likened to springtime. Unfortunately, since all I really wanted to know about was learning about Henry the 7th and his family as people - the things that happened to them, what kind of people they were, etc. The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. The father's government was an exercise in discoloration. Edmund was created Earl of Richmond in 1452, and "formally declared legitimate by Parliament". Richard III's death at Bosworth Field effectively ended the Wars of the Roses. [56] This trade made an expensive commodity cheaper, which raised opposition from Pope Julius II, since the Tolfa mine was a part of papal territory and had given the Pope monopoly control over alum. There he found more English fugitives, willing to invade England in support of Henry, and bearing news that Richard III had serious plans to marry the princess Elizabeth himself. One interesting thing about him is his early youth and the fourteen years he spent in exile in France Brittany to be precise and those, I believe, made him the man he was eventually to become. He took care not to address the baronage or summon Parliament until after his coronation, which took place in Westminster Abbey on 30 October 1485. Yet in the hands of a narrator as accomplished as Penn, the reign acquires its own, troubling fascination. He created the Tudor dynasty. Why is this ambitious? Winter King: The Dawn of Tudor England by Thomas Penn - review Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, violence, murders, coups and countercoups. Having established his claim to be king in his own right, he married Elizabeth of York on January 18, 1486. [10] A contemporary writer and Henry's biographer, Bernard Andr, also made much of Henry's Welsh descent. He paid very close attention to detail, and instead of spending lavishly he concentrated on raising new revenues. Annoyingly, much of the most interesting stuff concerns his son, and whenever Penn comments intelligently on how the events here affected the future Henry VIII's reign I found myself perking up such as the suggestion that Henry VII's marriage to Elizabeth was the kind of marriage that their second son, Prince Henry, would spend his whole life trying to find. [citation needed] Following the example of Edward IV, Henry VII created a Council of Wales and the Marches for his son Arthur, which was intended to govern Wales and the Marches, Cheshire and Cornwall. [57], In 1506, Henry extorted the Treaty of Windsor from Philip the Handsome, Duke of Burgundy. Stanley was accused of supporting Warbeck's cause, arrested and later executed. He had finished his palace of Richmond, he was controlling his allies and keeping an eye on his enemies, and now was the time to finalise the marriage agreement between England and Spain. In 1485, history was about to be changed for ever by a man who was a refugee, a fugitive whod spent half his life on the run and with barely a claim to the throne: Henry Tudor. In that, he was quite successful, but he was neither loved nor admired. He led attempted invasions of Ireland in 1491 and England in 1495, and persuaded James IV of Scotland to invade England in 1496. People saw him as being like a traditional king and hoped that his reign would bring positive change. Only through the deaths of more obvious claimants, and after the accession of Richard III in 1483, when Henry was 26, did he become a leading candidate. By 1600 historians emphasised Henry's wisdom in drawing lessons in statecraft from other monarchs. Henry had only been accepted as King because the Princes in the Tower, the sons of Edward IV, were dead, so when Yorkist exiles groomed Perkin Warbeck to pose as one of the princes and raised an army it was a huge threat. A King from upstart usurper to renaissance monarch to Machiavellian schemer. He had enough of that getting himself to the throne. [18] He was welcomed by the French, who readily supplied him with troops and equipment for a second invasion. However, as France was becoming more concerned with the Italian Wars, the French were happy to agree to the Treaty of Etaples. But, his enemies didnt agree. I would read more by this author. [33], In 1490, a young Fleming, Perkin Warbeck, appeared and claimed to be Richard of Shrewsbury, the younger of the "Princes in the Tower". Penn then went on to talk about the heir to the throne, the young Prince Henry, who seemed very different to the King. 'Meeting between Francis I and Henry VIII at the Field of Cloth of Gold on 7 June 1520,' a painting by Friedrich August Bouterwek. Happy St Davids Day! After obtaining the dispensation, Henry had second thoughts about the marriage of his son and Catherine. I had an idea Henry VII was a force for stability; in fact he was a terrifying kleptocrat, abusing the law with arbitrary fines and imprisonment, scheming to effectively steal entire estates and wring every penny out of subjects as well as impose political control through financial means. Iain Hollingshead reviews Henry VII: Winter King, a BBC Two documentary which examines how the first Tudor monarch came to power and went on to have a 23-year reign. [75], Henry VII died of tuberculosis at Richmond Palace on 21 April 1509 and was buried in the chapel he commissioned in Westminster Abbey next to his wife, Elizabeth. They overrode all the usual legal processed and acted with complete impunity. One of the councils prominent members was Edmund Dudley, a man who helped Henry by enforcing the Kings legal rights, finding old laws to use against people and stretching the law to its limits. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The devastated King became so ill that he was close to death, but then he recovered and Penn explains that when he took control once more, he was remorseless. Indeed he was born in winter, on January 28th 1457, in Pembroke Castle, in Wales and that is one of the reasons why the Welsh dragon always formed part of his insignia. Coinage of Henry VII of England | Mintage World Henry VII (28 January 1457 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. Detailed Information. This was excellent. Supported at one time or another by France, by Maximilian I of Austria, regent of the Netherlands (Holy Roman emperor from 1493), by James IV of Scotland, and by powerful men in both Ireland and England, Perkin three times invaded England before he was captured at Beaulieu in Hampshire in 1497. [citation needed] Nonetheless, by 1483 Henry was the senior male Lancastrian claimant remaining after the deaths in battle, by murder or execution of Henry VI (son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois), his son Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, and the other Beaufort line of descent through Lady Margaret's uncle, Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset. Through luck, guile, and ruthlessness, Henry VII, the first of the Tudor kings, emerged as rulerbut as a fugitive with a flimsy claim to England's throne, he remained a usurper and false king to many, and his hold on power was precarious. [67], Henry made half-hearted plans to remarry and beget more heirs, but these never came to anything. He was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle. The King was heavily guarded. [50] Henry had pressured the French by laying siege to Boulogne in October 1492. [6] Henry IV's action was of doubtful legality, as the Beauforts were previously legitimised by an Act of Parliament, but it weakened Henry's claim. Henry VII can look a dull king, so dull that Thomas Penn's title omits his name. Stanley placed Richards circlet on Henrys head, he was now King. Its inhabitant was once one of England's most exuberant kings, yet his resting place was only re-discovered in 1813. Celebrating the release of The Colour of Bone A London Charnel House. Henry VII's reign has yielded an evocative study, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, ILLUSTRATION: CLIFFORD HARPER/AGRAPHIA.CO.UK. [9] He took it, as well as the standard of St. George, on his procession through London after the victory at Bosworth. By this marriage, Henry VII hoped to break the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France. Claiming the throne by just title of inheritance and by the judgment of God in battle, he was crowned on October 30 and secured parliamentary recognition of his title early in November. With the assistance of the Italian merchant banker Lodovico della Fava and the Italian banker Girolamo Frescobaldi, Henry VII became deeply involved in the trade by licensing ships, obtaining alum from the Ottoman Empire, and selling it to the Low Countries and in England. In many ways, it highlights that Henry VIII was a feckless inheritor of the tools of Machiavellian power, but had no idea to what productive end to put them. But definitely rewarding! But now, sensitivity readers are pushing back . Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. Henry VII was the King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 to his death. Henry VII declared himself king by just title of inheritance and by the judgment of God in battle, after slaying Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. Henry decided to keep Brittany out of French hands, signed an alliance with Spain to that end, and sent 6,000 troops to France. Having secured financial backing from Florentine bankers in London, Cabot was granted carefully phrased letters patent from Henry in March 1496, permitting him to embark on an exploratory voyage westerly. Shakespeare, drawn to the colour on either side of the reign, skipped it. He had, Bacon added, much to be suspicious about, "his times" being "full of secret conspiracies and troubles". Corrections? In 1502 the death of his heir Arthur left the dynasty's prospects with Arthur's 10-year-old brother, Henry. After Wolf Hall, I wanted to find out about Henry VII, the lesser-studied father of Henry VIII, who founded the Tudor Dynasty. My obsession is European history from the 12th through 17th centuries - especially British history - so of course, when I was offered the chance to review this book, my interest was piqued immediately. When Henry VIII and Francis I Spent $19 Million on the Field of Cloth Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. [17] Now supported by Francis II's prime minister, Pierre Landais, Richard III attempted to extradite Henry from Brittany, but Henry escaped to France. Henry VII was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII. [citation needed], Henry began taking precautions against rebellion while still in Leicester after Bosworth Field. This battle saw the end of the Wars of the Roses which had brought instability to England. Historians debate the extent of Henry's rapacity. He spent most of the next 14 years under the protection of Francis II, Duke of Brittany. Penn's picture of a reign of terror carries disturbing echoes of the Roman historian Tacitus's account of the emperor Tiberius, another ruler whose abridgements of liberty followed an era of civil strife. According to John M. Currin, the treaty redefined Anglo-Breton relations. The expressive and evocative power of his writing, and the union of scholarship with artistry, are rare in modern historical writing. Prince Arthur was born just eight months after his parents marriage, at Winchester, the seat of King Arthurs Camelot. Happy 14th Birthday to the Anne Boleyn Files! Wow, it was like being battered by facts without remission for good intentions. Catherine's mother Isabella I of Castile had died and Catherine's sister Joanna had succeeded her; Catherine was, therefore, daughter of only one reigning monarch and so less desirable as a spouse for Henry VII's heir-apparent. He married his brother's widow, Catherine of Aragon. Stanleys betrayal led to a complete security overhaul and his privy chamber going into lockdown. [48], Henry later concluded a treaty with France at Etaples that brought money into the coffers of England, and ensured the French would not support pretenders to the English throne, such as Perkin Warbeck. What are the differences between Henry VII and Henry VIII? The Great Debasement (1544-1551) was a currency debasement policy introduced in 1544 England under the order of Henry VIII which saw the amount of precious metal in gold and silver coins reduced and in some cases replaced entirely with cheaper base metals such as copper. [47], Henry VII's policy was to maintain peace and to create economic prosperity. Penn ended the programme by visiting the tombs of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York in Henrys chapel at Westminster Abbey, a chapel that remains at the heart of political life. Henry needed an heir to secure his reign and fortunately an heir came quickly. The Field of Cloth of Gold: Royal Revelry. The baby died and Elizabeth, herself, died on 11th February 1503, her 37th birthday. For many he remained a usurper, a false king. In 1485 Henry landed at Milford Haven in Wales and advanced toward London. The nobility was forced into bonds, legal agreements that they would act as the King wanted or be fined. He attained the throne when his forces, supported by France, Scotland, and Wales, defeated Edward IV's brother Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. After the Holy Roman Emperor . Henry was a remarkable man. Thus, Henry Tudor had no choice but to gather together an army including mercenary soldiers as well as his own supporters, and he landed in Wales in August, 1485. Musings on History - Henry VII - Learn for Pleasure This is why he named the book the "Winter King". Swynford was Gaunt's mistress for about 25 years. [76] He was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII (reigned 150947), who would initiate the Protestant Reformation in England. More wrote that this King is loved and compared Henrys accession to the coming of a new season, a new spring following a winter of repression. [citation needed], All Acts of Parliament were overseen by the justices of the peace. In 1501, England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, coups . Their powers and numbers steadily increased during the time of the Tudors, never more so than under Henry's reign. Henry VII: The Winter King. Royal Collection Trust At the summit, even dinnerware testified to its owner's status. These bonds were enforced by the Council Learned in the Law, a council of legal advisers who were only answerable to the King. Sonnet XCVII - Massachusetts Institute of Technology I found this really interesting, but Im a history nut. Since he was the second son, and not expected to become king, we know little of his childhood until the death of his older brother Arthur, Prince of Wales. Next month find out more on someone known as The Winter Queen! On the other side of the coin, instead of the cross, was a Tudor rose and the arms of England. Serious disputes involving the use of personal power, or threats to royal authority, were thus dealt with. His spies and informers were everywhere. Penn went on to show Henry VIIs wax funeral effigy, which I saw on my recent trip to London, and which shows his fine-boned features and his crooked eye, but also a face bearing the signs of stress and illness. [39] Despite this, during his reign he became a fiscally prudent monarch who restored the fortunes of an effectively bankrupt exchequer. [5], The descent of Henry's mother, Margaret, through the legitimised House of Beaufort bolstered Henry's claim to the English throne. : (April 25, 1883. [77][78] His mother died two months later on 29 June 1509. The fact that a Cockney could provide a recognisable representation of him gives away part of his enduring appeal; in national memory, Henry was one of the lads, the only English king to have. Author Thomas Penn takes an extraordinary journey into the dark and chilling world of the first Tudor King, Henry VII. His spies and informers were everywhere. France, Burgundy, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain and the Hanseatic League all rejected the treaty, which was never in force. For me, history is alive and energizing - not something static and remote. While most of us are familiar with Henry VIII and Elizabeth I and we probably have a sense of the Wars of the Roses in England, but how many of us are familiar with Henry VII. He made huge gobs of money binding his subjects to him with loyalty bonds. So Henry was a valuable bargaining tool, whose fate always depended on what relations were between England and France, always tainted by the recent Hundred Years War, and how Brittany sought to ward off threats to its own independence. The treaty marks a shift from neutrality over the French invasion of Brittany to active intervention against it. During his 23-year reign, Henry had only two Lord High Treasurers, and this continuity helped provide stability. Thomas Mores coronation poem for Henry VIII contrasted the new Kings reign with the dark days of the past. In my never-ending quest to read possibly every single published book on the Tudor monarchy, I spied this little gem a few weeks ago and picked it up. For him, it was never about glory and battle. Early life Henry was building a myth, the idea that he and his family were the true royal blood of England. Both parties realised they were mutually disadvantaged by the reduction in commerce. He likens the beginning of Henry VIII's reign to a metaphorical spring, a second coming of sorts because Henry VIII seemed to be the opposite of his father. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. All the information is from Thomas Penn. The rebels were defeated (June 1487) in a hard-fought battle at Stoke (East Stoke, near Newark in Nottinghamshire), where the doubtful loyalty of some of the royal troops was reminiscent of Richard IIIs difficulties at Bosworth. Many influential Yorkists had been dispossessed and disappointed by the change of regime, and there had been so many reversals of fortune within living memory that the decision of Bosworth did not appear necessarily final. [52] He also concluded the Treaty of Perpetual Peace with Scotland (the first treaty between England and Scotland for almost two centuries), which betrothed his daughter Margaret Tudor to King James IV of Scotland. During Henry's early years, his uncle Henry VI was fighting against Edward IV, a member of the Yorkist Plantagenet branch. Through this, he found that his Lord Chamberlain, Sir William Stanley, was involved in the plot. Penn explained that the marriage had been one of genuine love and that Henry was shattered by his wifes death. The significant role played by bitcoin for businesses! Henrys throne, however, was far from secure. When he died, his only surviving son, Henry VIII, succeeded him without a breath of opposition. Henry VII was born on 28 January 1457 at Pembroke Castle, in the English-speaking portion of Pembrokeshire known as Little England beyond Wales. Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. Even if the king outfaced his enemies in his lifetime, would they not forestall a Tudor succession? [7] He came from an old, established Anglesey family that claimed descent from Cadwaladr, in legend, the last ancient British king,[8] and on occasion Henry displayed the red dragon of Cadwaladr. [63] Despite this, Henry was keen to constrain their power and influence, applying the same principles to the justices of the peace as he did to the nobility: a similar system of bonds and recognisances to that which applied to both the gentry and the nobles who tried to exert their elevated influence over these local officials. It was 1501. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor.[a]. Overspending by Henry VIII to pay for his lavish lifestyle and to fund foreign wars with France and Scotland are cited as . Henry VIII and the Break with Rome Timeline - History Four different kinds of cryptocurrencies you should know. By 1900 the "New Monarchy" interpretation stressed the common factors that in each country led to the revival of monarchical power. He likens the beginning of Henry VIIIs reign to a metaphorical spring, a second coming of sorts because Henry VIII seemed to be the opposite of his father. This book was way too focused on what happened, but not so much on the why or why it was important. Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? Henry was devastated. Henry VIII | Biography, Wives, Religion, Death, & Facts Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty . Old rivalries simmered, however. Penn notes something else about the paeans on the son's accession: later in the Tudor period, apologists for the regime would remember Henry VII as the restorer of national peace and unity, but in 1509 it was the king's death, not his rule, that was held to have ended a long era of dark instability. Henry VIII had become heir to the throne when his elder brother, Arthur, died in 1502. BBC - History - Henry VIII: Majesty with Menace